Prevalence of various tongue anomalies in the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh- A Hospital Based Study
Keywords:
Tongue anomaly, Median rhomboid glossitis, Geographic tongue, Hairy tongue
Abstract
Background: The tongue is an essential part of the oral cavity. The physical inspection of the tongue aid in expressing the overall health of an individual. The tongue performs various functions, such as helping in swallowing, tasting, speaking, and chewing.
Aim: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of different tongue lesions in Indian
population.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1739 patients were evaluated. The tongue was inspected for any modification on its surface and particular lesions.
Result: The most frequent tongue lesion diagnosed was coated tongue, shown by 156 patients (28.78%), followed by geographic tongue in 87 patients (16.05%), depapillated tongue in 83 patients (15.31%), and fissured tongue in 66 patients. (12.18%).
References
References
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2. Janket SJ, Lee C, Surakka M, Jangam TG, Van Dyke TE, Baird AE, Meurman JH: Oral hygiene, mouthwash usage and cardiovascular mortality during 18.8 years of follow-up. Br Dent J. 2023, 1-6. 10:1038
3. Shayeb MA, Fathy E, Nadeem G, El-Sahn NA, Elsahn H, Khader IE, et al. Prevalence of most common tongue lesions among a group of UAE population: Retrospective study. Oncology and Radiotherapy. 2020;46:1–5
4. Rohini S, Sherlin HJ, Jayaraj G. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among elderly population in Chennai: A survey. J Oral Med Oral Surg. 2020;26:10
5. Raman P, Krithika CL, Anandi MS, Kanmani R, Kannan A, Raghuram PH. Prevalence of tongue lesions in tobacco and non-tobacco users of OPD SRM dental college, Chennai: A cross sectional study. Int J Adv Health Sci. 2015;10:1–5
6. Ragunathan M, Herawati E, Epsilawati l. Clinical overview and predisposing factors of coated tongue in dental students of clinic fakultas kedokteran gigi universitas padjadjaran. Journal of radiology dentomaksilofasial Indonesia 2019; 3(3): 17-20.
7 . Darwazeh AM, Pillai K. Prevalence of tongue lesions in 1013 Jordanian dental outpatients. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993;21:323-4
8. Darwazeh AM, Almelaih AA. Tongue lesions in a Jordanian population. Prevalence, symptoms, subject’s knowledge and treatment provided. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011;16:e745-9
9. Prevalence and factors related to tongue coating among a sample of jordanian royal medical services dental outpatients. Rana A. Omor, Musab A. Arabeyat, Ayman N. Hiasat, Mahasen S. Ajarmeh, Hind H. Abu Fanas. JRSM 2015; 22(1): 35-40
10. Campisi G , Margiotta V. Oral mucosal lesions and risk habits among men in an italian study population. J oral pathol med 2002 ; 31(8):504
11. Campana F, Vigarios E, Fricain JC, Sibaud V. Geographic stomatitis with palate involvement. An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(4):449-51
12. Netto JN, Dias MC, Garcia TR, Amaral SM, Miranda ÁM, Pires FR. Geographic stomatitis: An enigmatic condition with multiple clinical presentations. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019 Sep;11(9):e845-9.
13. Ogueta C I, Ramírez P M, Jiménez O C, Cifuentes M M. Geographic Tongue: What a Dermatologist Should Know. Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed). 2019 Jun;110(5):341-6.
14. Patil S , Kaswan S, Rahman F, Doni B. Prevalence of tongue lesions in the Indian population. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013;5(3):e128-32
15. Byahatti SM, Ingafou MSH. The prevalence of tongue lesions in Libyan adult patients. J Clin Exp Dent. 2010;2:e163-8.
16. Bezerra S, Costa Isabel. Oral conditions in childrens from birth to 5 years: the findings of a children’s dental program. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2000;25:79-81.
17. Ghanaei, F. M., Joukar, F., Rabiei, M., Dadashzadeh, A., & Valeshabad, A. K. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Iranian population. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal,2013,15(7), 600–4
18. Oivio, U. M., Pesonen, P., Ylipalosaari, M., Kullaa, A., & Salo, T. Prevalence of oral mucosal normal variations and lesions in a middle-aged population: A northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. BMC Oral Health,2020, 20(1), 357-61
19. Taiwo, J. O., Kolude, B., & Akinmoladun, V. Oral mucosal lesions and temporomandibular joint impairment of elderly people in the south east local government area of Ibadan. Gerodontology,2009: 26(3), 219–4
20. Chher, T., Hak, S., Kallarakkal, T. G., Durward, C., Ramanathan, A., Ghani,W., et al. Prevalence of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral mucosal
lesions in Cambodia. Ethnicity & Health,2018, 23(1), 1–15
21. Aggarwal N and Bhateja S “Leukoplakia. Potentially Malignant Disorder of Oral Cavity -a Review” Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 2018;4(5):4219-26
22. Ehsan H, Azimi S, Yosufi A, Yousufi R. The Prevalence and Significance of Fissured Tongue in Kabul City Among Dental Patients. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2023;15:21-9
23. Dos Santos PJB, Bessa CFN, De Aguiar MCF, Do Carmo MAV. Cross‐sectional study of oral mucosal conditions among a central Amazonian Indian community, Brazil. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004;33(1):7–12
24 . Khozeymeh F, Rasti A. The prevalence of tongue abnormalities among the school children in borazjan, iran. DRJ; 2006;3(1):1-6
25. Mathew A, Cherian S, Daniel M, Abraham T, Mathew R. Prevalence of fissured tongue in a South Indian population-A cross-sectional study. J Oral Med. 2017;1(1):9
26. Hamrah MH, Baghalian A, Ghadimi S, Mokhtari S, Kargar M, Khosrozadeh M,et al. The Prevalence and Correlates of Fissured Tongue Among Outpatients in Andkhoy City, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2021 ;13:335-42
1. Mosaico G, Pinna M, Grassi R, et al.: Oral health and caries prevention: how tongue hygiene helps maintain balance of microbiota and overall health in pediatric patients. Children (Basel). 2024, 11:10:3390
2. Janket SJ, Lee C, Surakka M, Jangam TG, Van Dyke TE, Baird AE, Meurman JH: Oral hygiene, mouthwash usage and cardiovascular mortality during 18.8 years of follow-up. Br Dent J. 2023, 1-6. 10:1038
3. Shayeb MA, Fathy E, Nadeem G, El-Sahn NA, Elsahn H, Khader IE, et al. Prevalence of most common tongue lesions among a group of UAE population: Retrospective study. Oncology and Radiotherapy. 2020;46:1–5
4. Rohini S, Sherlin HJ, Jayaraj G. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among elderly population in Chennai: A survey. J Oral Med Oral Surg. 2020;26:10
5. Raman P, Krithika CL, Anandi MS, Kanmani R, Kannan A, Raghuram PH. Prevalence of tongue lesions in tobacco and non-tobacco users of OPD SRM dental college, Chennai: A cross sectional study. Int J Adv Health Sci. 2015;10:1–5
6. Ragunathan M, Herawati E, Epsilawati l. Clinical overview and predisposing factors of coated tongue in dental students of clinic fakultas kedokteran gigi universitas padjadjaran. Journal of radiology dentomaksilofasial Indonesia 2019; 3(3): 17-20.
7 . Darwazeh AM, Pillai K. Prevalence of tongue lesions in 1013 Jordanian dental outpatients. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993;21:323-4
8. Darwazeh AM, Almelaih AA. Tongue lesions in a Jordanian population. Prevalence, symptoms, subject’s knowledge and treatment provided. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011;16:e745-9
9. Prevalence and factors related to tongue coating among a sample of jordanian royal medical services dental outpatients. Rana A. Omor, Musab A. Arabeyat, Ayman N. Hiasat, Mahasen S. Ajarmeh, Hind H. Abu Fanas. JRSM 2015; 22(1): 35-40
10. Campisi G , Margiotta V. Oral mucosal lesions and risk habits among men in an italian study population. J oral pathol med 2002 ; 31(8):504
11. Campana F, Vigarios E, Fricain JC, Sibaud V. Geographic stomatitis with palate involvement. An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(4):449-51
12. Netto JN, Dias MC, Garcia TR, Amaral SM, Miranda ÁM, Pires FR. Geographic stomatitis: An enigmatic condition with multiple clinical presentations. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019 Sep;11(9):e845-9.
13. Ogueta C I, Ramírez P M, Jiménez O C, Cifuentes M M. Geographic Tongue: What a Dermatologist Should Know. Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed). 2019 Jun;110(5):341-6.
14. Patil S , Kaswan S, Rahman F, Doni B. Prevalence of tongue lesions in the Indian population. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013;5(3):e128-32
15. Byahatti SM, Ingafou MSH. The prevalence of tongue lesions in Libyan adult patients. J Clin Exp Dent. 2010;2:e163-8.
16. Bezerra S, Costa Isabel. Oral conditions in childrens from birth to 5 years: the findings of a children’s dental program. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2000;25:79-81.
17. Ghanaei, F. M., Joukar, F., Rabiei, M., Dadashzadeh, A., & Valeshabad, A. K. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an adult Iranian population. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal,2013,15(7), 600–4
18. Oivio, U. M., Pesonen, P., Ylipalosaari, M., Kullaa, A., & Salo, T. Prevalence of oral mucosal normal variations and lesions in a middle-aged population: A northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. BMC Oral Health,2020, 20(1), 357-61
19. Taiwo, J. O., Kolude, B., & Akinmoladun, V. Oral mucosal lesions and temporomandibular joint impairment of elderly people in the south east local government area of Ibadan. Gerodontology,2009: 26(3), 219–4
20. Chher, T., Hak, S., Kallarakkal, T. G., Durward, C., Ramanathan, A., Ghani,W., et al. Prevalence of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral mucosal
lesions in Cambodia. Ethnicity & Health,2018, 23(1), 1–15
21. Aggarwal N and Bhateja S “Leukoplakia. Potentially Malignant Disorder of Oral Cavity -a Review” Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 2018;4(5):4219-26
22. Ehsan H, Azimi S, Yosufi A, Yousufi R. The Prevalence and Significance of Fissured Tongue in Kabul City Among Dental Patients. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2023;15:21-9
23. Dos Santos PJB, Bessa CFN, De Aguiar MCF, Do Carmo MAV. Cross‐sectional study of oral mucosal conditions among a central Amazonian Indian community, Brazil. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004;33(1):7–12
24 . Khozeymeh F, Rasti A. The prevalence of tongue abnormalities among the school children in borazjan, iran. DRJ; 2006;3(1):1-6
25. Mathew A, Cherian S, Daniel M, Abraham T, Mathew R. Prevalence of fissured tongue in a South Indian population-A cross-sectional study. J Oral Med. 2017;1(1):9
26. Hamrah MH, Baghalian A, Ghadimi S, Mokhtari S, Kargar M, Khosrozadeh M,et al. The Prevalence and Correlates of Fissured Tongue Among Outpatients in Andkhoy City, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2021 ;13:335-42
Published
2026-04-23
How to Cite
SINGH, H., & ANUJ GARG. (2026). Prevalence of various tongue anomalies in the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh- A Hospital Based Study. UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.21276/ujds.2026.12.1.29
Section
Original Research Paper
