UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES

Dr Pankaj Kharade

2026-07-30T20:59:05+0530

Editorial

Effects of Co-Administered Nimesulide and Dexamethasone Following Surgical Extraction of Third Molars- A Split Mouth Study

2026-07-30T20:48:43+0530

This study aimed to determine the effect of the co-administration of dexamethasone 8 mg and nimesulide 100 mg given 1 h before mandibular third molar surgery. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research Faridabad. A pilot study was first performed (95% confidence interval, 80% test power, and 5% error), and a sample of 20 patients aged between 18 and 40 years was selected. The patients were randomized and divided into two groups: nimesulide + placebo and dexamethasone + nimesulide. The following parameters were evaluated: pain (numerical rating scale), oedema, trismus, and patient satisfaction. The paired t-test and the Wilcoxon test were used to compare means. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in pain values at 2, 4, and 12 h postoperatively. Oedema and trismus were similar in the two treatment groups and decreased over time postoperatively. The coadministration of dexamethasone and nimesulide reduces pain intensity and the need for rescue medication after third molar surgery.

Comparison of Oral Midazolam and Diazepam for Anxiety Management in Minor Oral Surgical Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2026-07-30T20:48:43+0530

Purpose: To compare the anxiolytic efficacy, effects on vital signs, retrograde amnesia, and postoperative pain of oral midazolam (7.5 mg) versus oral diazepam (5 mg) in patients undergoing minor oral surgical procedures.Midazolam’s potential co-analgesic effect has been explored in previous dental sedation literature.

Materials and Methods : This prospective, randomized, parallel-design controlled trial enrolled 128 patients (64 per group) undergoing various minor oral surgeries at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad. Patients received either 5 mg oral diazepam (Group I) or 7.5 mg oral midazolam (Group II) 30 minutes preoperatively Anxiety levels were assessed using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (pre-medication) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) (post-procedure). Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation) were monitored at four distinct time points: before sedation, 30 minutes post-medication, during the surgical procedure (at 30-minute intervals), and 15 minutes post-procedure Retrograde amnesia was evaluated using a 6-image recall test, and postoperative pain was assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21, employing independent t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, Mann Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Both midazolam and diazepam significantly reduced anxiety levels from baseline (p<0.001 intragroup for both), with no statistically significant difference between the groups in anxiety reduction (p=0.939 intergroup). Oxygen saturation remained stable and within physiological limits in both groups across all time points (all p>0.05). Significant intergroup differences were observed in heart rate during surgery (p=0.045) and 15 minutes post-surgery (p=0.005), with the diazepam group exhibiting a more sustained reduction. Systolic blood pressure showed a more pronounced initial reduction with midazolam, while the diazepam group experienced a significant rebound above baseline post-surgery (p=0.008). Retrograde amnesia levels were comparable between the two groups (p=0.909). Notably, the midazolam group reported significantly lower mean postoperative pain scores compared to the diazepam group (p=0.001).

Conclusions: Both oral midazolam (7.5 mg) and oral diazepam (5 mg) are equally effective in providing anxiolysis for minor oral surgical procedures. Midazolam demonstrated a distinct advantage in reducing postoperative pain, while both drugs maintained stable oxygenation and comparable levels of retrograde amnesia.

EVALUATION OF POST TREATMENT STABILITY WITH MBT SYSTEM VERSUS PASSIVE SELF LIGATING SYSTEM IN NON-EXTRACTION CASES: ANALYTICAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2026-07-30T20:48:43+0530

Objectives: To compare and evaluate the post treatment stability with respect to intercanine width, inter molar width, arch length, overjet and overbite in the maxillary and mandibular arches treated with MBT system and passive self-ligating system-Damon in non extraction cases.

Materials and method: This clinical prospective study was conducted on forty-four subjects who were treated for class I malocclusion with non-extraction treatment plan using fixed orthodontic appliances. They were equally divided into two groups: Group 1 MBT system and Group 2 –Passive self-ligating system. Immediately after debonding(T0), impressions were taken and casts were fabricated. Essix retainer was given in the maxillary arch, FLR was given in the mandibular arch from canine to canine. Subjects was followed up for one year(T1). The obtained casts at T0 and T1 were scanned with intraoral scanner and measured for intercanine width, intermolar width, arch length, overjet and overbite.

Results: Within the group and between the groups, both systems showed that ICW, IMW, arch length, overjet decreased and overbite increased from T0 to T1 which was not statistically significant differences indicating that both systems are capable of maintaining treatment outcomes effectively, with minimal relapse.

Conclusion: Both MBT and passive self-ligating systems shows comparable post-treatment stability. The observed changes were minimal and largely within clinically acceptable limits, suggesting that appliance selection for a case should be based on case-specific considerations and clinical requirements rather than expectations of superior stability, as the findings of this study reinforces the concept that stability is influenced by physiological limit, biomechanics of the appliance system, biological adaptation and retention protocols.

Prevalence and Pattern of Incidental Findings in Lateral Cephalograms – A Retrospective Study

2026-07-30T20:48:43+0530

Background- Lateral cephalograms, routinely used in orthodontics, may reveal incidental findings that are often underreported, with previous studies showing considerable variability. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the occurrence of such findings in a Bhopal population across age groups and genders. Materials and methods- A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 571 cephalograms from patients aged 14–45 years over six months was conducted. Incidental findings—including laryngeal calcifications, sella turcica variations, and ponticulus posticus—were recorded and statistically evaluated using the Chi-square test (SPSS v25). Results-Overall prevalence was 61.9%. Sella turcica bridging was observed in 39.9%, laryngeal calcifications in 36.6%, and ponticulus posticus in 18.4%. Females showed higher prevalence of sella turcica changes and laryngeal calcifications (51.5%). Laryngeal calcification demonstrated a highly significant association with age (χ² = 73.001, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Recognizing these variations supports accurate diagnosis and awareness of their clinical relevance.

Effect of didactic learning on knowledge and perception regarding biostatistics amongst postgraduate students: A questionnaire-based study.

2026-07-30T21:27:12+0530

Introduction: Biostatistical tools form the backbone of evidence-based research and are essential for scientific decision-making. However, the wide scope and complexity of biostatistics often make its application challenging for postgraduate students. Structured teaching and repeated reinforcement may help improve understanding and perception of the subject.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of didactic learning on knowledge and perception regarding biostatistics among postgraduate dental students.

Methodology: A questionnaire-based pre–post study was conducted among postgraduate dental students from a single institution. Participants attended a series of structured lectures on biostatistics delivered by a faculty member. Responses were recorded before and after the teaching sessions, and changes in knowledge and perception were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using McNemar’s test.

Results: Post-intervention analysis showed a significant improvement in knowledge and perception regarding biostatistics for questions related to application, interpretation, and understanding of statistical concepts (questions 2–7; p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Didactic teaching significantly improved knowledge and perception of biostatistics among postgraduate dental students. Reinforced and structured learning may help reduce anxiety and improve the effective application of biostatistics in research.

Keywords: Biostatistics, Didactic learning, Postgraduate dental education, Knowledge assessment, Perception and attitude, Questionnaire-based study

Influence of Cavity Design and Fabrication Technique on Fracture Resistance of PFM Endocrowns in Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars: An In Vitro Study

2026-07-30T20:48:43+0530

Background:
Endodontically treated teeth (ETT) are structurally weakened due to loss of tooth structure and altered biomechanical properties. Restoration of such teeth remains a clinical challenge. Endocrowns have emerged as a conservative alternative that utilizes adhesive bonding and intracoronal retention. However, factors such as cavity design and fabrication technique significantly influence their fracture resistance.

Materials and Methods:
Forty extracted human mandibular molars were selected, cleaned, and standardized. Endodontic treatment was performed using conventional techniques. The samples were divided into four groups (n=10) based on cavity design (conventional and buccal extension) and fabrication technique (conventional impression and CAD/CAM). PFM endocrowns were fabricated accordingly and cemented using glass ionomer cement. Fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine under compressive load. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results:
The buccal extension CAD/CAM group showed the highest fracture resistance (1009.50 ± 9.48 N), followed by normal CAD/CAM (951.45 ± 11.18 N), buccal extension impression (687.92 ± 9.93 N), and normal impression groups (553.05 ± 10.77 N). The differences were statistically significant (p = 0.000).

Conclusion:
Both cavity design and fabrication technique significantly influence fracture resistance. Buccal extension combined with CAD/CAM fabrication provides superior biomechanical performance and may be recommended for clinical application.

Comparative Evaluation of Curcumin Chewing Gum and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Patients with Chronic Gingivitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

2026-07-30T20:48:43+0530

INTRODUCTION: Gingivitis is a plaque induced disease that causes inflammation of the gums. Chlorhexidine is the gold standard antiplaque agent used but has some side effects like staining. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiplaque properties with minimal side effects and cost effectiveness. Chewing gums stimulate saliva flow and increases plaque pH, which prevents tooth decay.

AIM: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of 0.5g curcumin infused chewing gum with 0.12% Chlorhexidine mouthwash as antiplaque agents in patients with chronic gingivitis over a one-month period.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: A randomized clinical trial was conducted among 40 participants diagnosed with moderate gingivitis. After SRP, they were divided into two groups: Group1 used 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash twice a day. Group2 used 0.5g indigenously prepared curcumin chewing gum for 15 min twice a day. Clinical parameters (PI, GI & SBI) were recorded at baseline,14th day and 1month. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and independent t-test.

RESULT: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters over the study period (p ≤0.05). However, Intergroup comparisons showed significant differences in gingival inflammation and bleeding scores in chlorhexidine, although both interventions demonstrated clinical improvement.

CONCLUSION: Curcumin chewing gum demonstrated comparable clinical efficacy to chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation, suggesting it may serve as a safe and effective herbal alternative for managing chronic gingivitis.

Keywords: Gingivitis; Curcumin; Chlorhexidine; Chewing gum; Plaque control; Herbal therapy.

CLINICAL SUCCESS OF ART APPROACH IN 38% SDF TREATED VS UNTREATED DENTINE CARIES LESIONS IN PRIMARY MOLARS: A SPLIT MOUTH RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

2026-07-30T20:48:43+0530

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess, compare and evaluate the success rates of restoring untreated and SDF-treated dentine caries lesions in primary molar teeth with atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach.

Methodology: 46 participants, within the age group of 4-8 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for the trial. They were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group A received GIC restoration on SDF-treated dentine caries with ART approach on one of the primary molars and Group B received GIC restoration on SDF untreated dentine caries with ART approach on contralateral primary molar. ART evaluation criteria was used for clinical evaluation of the restorations at baseline, 6 months and 12 months.

Results: Chi square test did not report any statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Chi square test and Wilcoxon signed rank test did not report any statistically significant difference between the success rates at 6 month and 12 month follow up for both the groups.

Interpretation and Conclusion: The clinical success of restoring SDF-treated and SDF-untreated dentine caries lesions in primary molar teeth with ART approach was 84.7% and 87% respectively, at 12 month follow up,there is no intergroup and intragroup statistical significant difference. Hence, using SDF with ART offers an efficient and economical way for management of caries in young highly anxious children and in community programmes. Even in cases of ART restoration failure, the treatment may still be deemed successful, as SDF effectively arrests caries progression and supports remineralization of the affected tooth structure.

Keywords: Silver Diamine Fluoride, Minimal Invasive Dentistry, Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, Glass ionomer cement.

MB1–MB2 Canal Orifice Distance in Maxillary First and Second Molars:

2026-07-30T20:48:43+0530

Aim: To evaluate the distance between the mesiobuccal canal orifices (MB1 and MB2) in maxillary first and second molars in a Rajasthan population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of maxillary first and second molars were evaluated in the axial plane at the level of the pulpal floor. The linear distance between the centers of the MB1 and MB2 canal orifices was measured using dedicated CBCT software. Measurements were statistically analyzed and comparisons were made between first and second molars and between genders.

Results: The mean MB1–MB2 distance was 1.58 ± 0.72 mm in maxillary first molars and 1.97 ± 0.74 mm in maxillary second molars. The difference between first and second molars was statistically significant (p = 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed between males and females (p = 0.923).

Conclusion: Knowledge of MB1–MB2 inter-orifice distances in maxillary molars may assist clinicians in more predictable location of the MB2 canal and improve endodontic treatment outcomes.

Assessment of salivary and plasma glucose levels and their correlation with oral health status in adults with and without type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

2026-07-30T20:48:43+0530

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate plasma and salivary glucose levels and explore their correlation with oral health status among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes in Kanpur City. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 150 diabetic individuals and another 150 participants who were matched for age and sex but did not have diabetes. Salivary and plasma glucose levels were measured and oral health was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and Loss of Attachment (LOA) index. Results: Diabetic participants exhibited significantly higher mean plasma glucose (212.63 ± 75.47 mg/dl) and salivary glucose (10.56 ± 4.51 mg/dl) levels than controls. A significant positive relationship (r = 0.88, P = 0.001) was found between the glucose levels in saliva and plasma. Individuals with diabetes also demonstrated significantly poorer oral health outcomes, including higher DMFT scores, a greater prevalence of shallow periodontal pockets (CPI score 3), and moderate to severe attachment loss (LOA scores 2–4). Conclusion: Elevated salivary glucose levels in individuals with diabetes are strongly correlated with plasma glucose levels and poor oral health, highlighting the potential of saliva as a noninvasive tool for glycemic monitoring and early detection of diabetes-related oral complications.

Tobacco Use in Adolescents: Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour and Oral Health Impact among School Children Aged 12-15 in Lucknow.

2026-08-07T05:36:01+0530

Background: Tobacco use among adolescents is an emerging public health concern. Early initiation may lead to addiction and adversely affect oral health. However, limited information exists regarding the knowledge, attitude, behaviour and oral health impact of tobacco use among schoolchildren in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour related to tobacco use and its impact on oral health status among 12–15-year-old school-going children in Lucknow.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 249 adolescents aged 12–15 years visiting the OPD of SPPGIDMS, Lucknow. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding students’ knowledge of tobacco-related health effects, attitudes toward tobacco use, and behaviour related to tobacco consumption. Oral health assessment was performed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) to evaluate periodontal status. The treatment needs component of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) was used to assess periodontal treatment requirements.

Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between boys and girls with respect to knowledge, attitude and behaviour related to tobacco use. Similarly, the distribution of CPITN scores showed no significant gender-based differences.

Conclusion: Gender did not influence tobacco-related knowledge, attitude, behaviour, or periodontal status among the participants. Despite high awareness, the presence of misconceptions and considerable periodontal treatment needs underscores the importance of comprehensive oral health education and preventive strategies targeting the entire population.

KEYWORDS:

Tobacco; socioeconomic status; oral health status; CPITN; Adolescent.

Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude Regarding Teledentistry Among Postgraduate Dental Students of Rishikesh City, India

2026-08-07T05:35:10+0530

Background:

Teledentistry is an emerging branch of dentistry that integrates telecommunication technology with oral healthcare practice to improve accessibility, efficiency, and quality of dental services. It plays a significant role in overcoming barriers to dental care delivery, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

Aim:

To evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding teledentistry among postgraduate dental students in Rishikesh City, India

Materials and Methodology:

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 60 postgraduate dental students. A pre-validated close-ended questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was distributed using Google Forms. The collected data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS Version 17 software. Frequency distribution and chi-square tests were applied for statistical analysis.

Results:

The study revealed that 97% of participants were aware of teledentistry. Approximately 96.6% understood that teledentistry involves the use of computers, internet services, and digital technologies for remote diagnosis and treatment planning. About 83.3% of respondents believed that teledentistry is beneficial in online dental education and in training general dental practitioners.

Conclusion:

Teledentistry serves as an effective tool for consultation, diagnosis, treatment planning, and dental education beyond conventional clinical settings. The study findings indicate a positive level of knowledge and attitude toward teledentistry among postgraduate students. Increased awareness programs and incorporation of teledentistry into dental education curricula may further enhance its utilization in clinical practice.

Keywords: Teledentistry, Awareness, Dental Education, Questionnaire Study, Postgraduate Students, Telehealth, Survey

Effect Of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum Ferritin Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Chronic Periodontitis in Rajasthan Population

2026-08-07T05:35:23+0530

Abstract

Background: Chronic periodontitis may lead to systemic inflammation, which may influence biomarkers like serum ferritin. Postmenopausal women are particularly vulnerable to inflammatory conditions and bone loss. This study investigated the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on serum ferritin levels and periodontal parameters in this demographic.

Methods: Thirty systemically healthy postmenopausal women (aged 55-65) with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled. Clinical parameters—Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding Index (BI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and serum ferritin levels were assessed at baseline and three months after post-NSPT. Periodontal therapy included scaling and root planing with oral hygiene reinforcement.

Results: A statistically significant reduction (p<0.001) was observed in all clinical parameters and serum ferritin levels three months after non-surgical periodontal therapy compared to baseline.

Conclusion: NSPT effectively improves periodontal health and reduces systemic inflammation by lowering serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. This highlights the systemic benefits of periodontal treatment in managing inflammation-related risks in this population.

Keywords: Serum Ferritin, postmenopausal , Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy, periodontitis, teeth

CEPHALOMETRIC EVALUATION OF CORRELATION BETWEEN FULL FACIAL BALANCE AND PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY DIMENSIONS IN ORTHODONTIC SUBJECTS

2026-08-07T05:34:57+0530

Objective:

To evaluate the cephalometric correlation between full facial balance parameters, derived from Arnett’s soft-tissue analysis, and pharyngeal airway dimensions among orthodontic subjects from Western Uttar Pradesh, India, and to compare these with established Arnett’s Caucasian norms.

Material & Methods:

This cross-sectional cephalometric correlation study utilized 62 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms (M=F) aged 17–25 years, obtained from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, KDC. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee. Arnett’s soft-tissue harmony parameters were traced manually, with all projections measured perpendicular to the True Vertical Line (TVL). Pharyngeal airway widths were measured at upper, middle, and lower levels. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests and Pearson’s correlation coefficients (SPSSv25.0). The significance level was set at p<0.05.

Results:

In western Uttar Pradesh population, soft-tissue projections exhibited significant deviations from Arnett’s Caucasian norms across multiple landmarks. Notably, the orbital rim, cheekbone, alar base, and pogonion measurements demonstrated statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Among airway parameters, the lower pharyngeal width showed a significant gender difference (p=0.03). Correlation analysis revealed that facial angle negatively correlated with Gl′–A′ distance (r= –0.269, p=0.038), and a significant positive correlation existed between upper and middle pharyngeal widths (r=0.368, p=0.004), and between middle and lower pharyngeal widths (r=0.529, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Subjects from Western Uttar Pradesh exhibited distinct soft-tissue harmony profiles compared with Caucasian norms. Facial balance parameters demonstrated measurable associations with pharyngeal airway morphology, particularly at the lower airway level, indicating possible interdependence between facial soft-tissue projection and airway space dimensions.

Comparative Periodontal Health in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners Versus Fixed Appliances: A Questionnaire-Based Study

2026-08-07T05:34:45+0530

Background: Orthodontic appliances influence plaque accumulation and periodontal health. Fixed orthodontic appliances often hinder effective oral hygiene, whereas clear aligners are removable and may facilitate better plaque control.
Aim: To compare periodontal health outcomes in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and clear aligners.
Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional questionnaire‑based study (16 questions) was conducted over 6–9 months among 364 orthodontic patients. Participants were categorized into two groups: fixed appliance therapy (n=227) and clear aligner therapy (n=137). Parameters assessed included gingival bleeding, gingival swelling, halitosis, gingival recession, oral hygiene compliance, and patient‑perceived gum health outcomes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi‑square test using SPSS version 25.0. A p‑value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among the participants, 227 (62.4%) were treated with fixed appliances and 137 (37.6%) with clear aligners. Patients treated with fixed appliances reported significantly higher gingival bleeding, swelling, halitosis, and gingival recession. Oral hygiene compliance and perceived improvement in gum health were higher among aligner patients.
Conclusion: Clear aligner therapy demonstrated comparatively better periodontal health outcomes than fixed orthodontic appliances, possibly due to improved accessibility for oral hygiene maintenance.
Keywords: Clear aligners, Fixed orthodontic appliances, Periodontal health, Orthodontic treatment, Oral hygiene

TRANSMIGRATION OF MANDIBULAR CANINE: A CASE REPORT

2026-07-30T20:48:44+0530

Phenomenon of movement of impacted tooth that crosses the midline is termed as “Transmigration”. In this condition, the tooth fails to emerge in its usual position and even crosses the mandibular midline, making orthodontic correction extremely difficult or unfeasible. We present a similar case managed surgically in a 13-year-old female adolescent.

UNDERSTANDING LIPOMA OF OCCIPITAL REGION - A DETAILED CASE ANALYSIS”

2026-07-30T20:48:44+0530

Maxillofacial surgeons rarely encounter scalp lipomas in their clinical practice. These may be post traumatic or associated with other factors. Mostly of mesenchymal origin , only 13% originate in head and neck region. We ,present here a post traumatic scalp lipoma in occipital region which was considerably large in size. The report highlights the current management and treatment modalities for their management and role of maxillofacial surgeons in treating such cases.

Chondrosarcoma of the Mandible: A Clinicopathological Case Report based Insight

2026-08-07T05:35:48+0530

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumour characterized by the production of cartilaginous matrix. Its occurrence within the maxillofacial region is uncommon and frequently presents a diagnostic dilemma because its clinical and radiographic features can resemble other primary bone malignancies. A 70-year-old male presented with a gradually enlarging and painful swelling involving the left side of the mandible over a period of approximately six months. Clinical examination revealed a diffuse extraoral swelling along with an intraoral exophytic and ulcerated lesion in the posterior alveolar region. Imaging studies demonstrated irregular radiopaque areas associated with cortical destruction and a characteristic sunburst-type periosteal reaction. Histopathological examination showed atypical chondrocytes embedded within a chondroid matrix, along with areas of calcification and cellular pleomorphism, confirming the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. This case highlights the aggressive nature of mandibular chondrosarcoma and emphasizes the importance of correlating clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings to arrive at a definitive diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment.

Modified Hobkirk Technique with Glass Fiber Reinforcement for Management of Flabby Maxillary Ridge: A Case Report

2026-08-07T05:35:36+0530

Flabby ridges compromise retention and stability of complete dentures owing to their displaceable nature. Accurate impression-making is critical for successful prosthetic rehabilitation in such cases. This report describes the management of a completely edentulous maxillary arch with a flabby anterior ridge opposing a mandibular arch restored with fixed partial dentures. A modified Hobkirk impression technique was employed, allowing differential pressure distribution to minimize tissue distortion. Glass fiber mesh reinforcement was incorporated into the denture base to improve fracture resistance and reduce prosthesis weight. A silane coupling agent was applied to the fiber surface to enhance adhesion with the polymethyl methacrylate matrix. The combined approach yielded enhanced prosthesis stability, improved strength, and satisfactory patient outcomes. This protocol offers a practical and reproducible solution for prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with flabby ridges opposing fixed or natural dentition.

Fibrotomy: Breaking the Chains of OSMF

2026-08-07T05:34:19+0530

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, insidious, and potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the submucosa. It predominantly affects populations in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, with areca nut and betel quid chewing identified as the primary etiological factors. The condition results in mucosal stiffness, trismus, burning sensation, dysphagia, and carries a significant risk of malignant transformation. Various management strategies, including conservative, medical, and surgical interventions, have been explored .

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AND A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON THE BIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP

2026-07-30T20:48:44+0530

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a collective term that includes conditions where the temporomandibular joint and associated musculature are in pain or dysfunction. Research has highlighted a bidirectional relationship between TMDs and nutrition, suggesting that dietary factors may influence the onset and progression of TMDs, while TMDs can impact nutritional intake and dietary habits. Through our article, we have discussed the complex interactions of TMDs with nutrition by collaborating with the literature on how nutritional deficiencies, dietary patterns, and food-related behaviours can affect TMD symptoms and management. Conversely, the review also explores how TMDs can lead to changes in eating habits and overall nutritional status. Through a comprehensive examination of these reciprocal influences, the review seeks to provide insights into potential dietary interventions and management strategies that could improve outcomes for individuals with TMDs and enhance their nutritional well-being.

Keywords: Bidirectional Relationship, Dietary Patterns, Nutritional Deficiencies, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

Dental Implants: Factors affecting early loading

2026-07-30T20:48:44+0530

Traditionally, delayed loading protocols were employed to ensure adequate osseointegration before functional loading of dental implants. However, with advancements in implant design, surface technology, and surgical techniques, there has been a paradigm shift toward immediate and early loading approaches. Early loading, typically performed within a few weeks after implant placement, has gained popularity due to its reduced treatment time, improved patient comfort, and enhanced esthetic outcomes without compromising implant success rates. Despite these advantages, the success of early loading is highly dependent on multiple interrelated factors that influence implant stability and osseointegration. This article comprehensively reviews the various determinants affecting early loading outcomes, categorized into systemic, surgical, implant-related, and prosthetic factors. Systemic conditions such as bone metabolism and overall health status, surgical precision in implant placement, implant design and surface characteristics, and the prosthetic design all play crucial roles in achieving predictable results.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing Across the Lifespan: An Integrated Review of Definitions, Craniofacial and Airway Anatomy, Orofacial Myofunction, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

2026-08-07T05:34:32+0530

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) comprises a spectrum of conditions characterized by abnormal respiration during sleep, ranging from primary snoring to obstructive and central sleep apnea. Affecting individuals across all age groups, SDB is associated with adverse cardiovascular, metabolic, neurocognitive, and craniofacial outcomes. Contemporary understanding recognizes SDB as a heterogeneous disorder arising from the interaction of upper airway anatomy, craniofacial morphology, neuromuscular control, and ventilatory regulation. Increasing evidence highlights the contributory role of orofacial myofunctional patterns and altered craniofacial growth in both the development and persistence of disease. This review provides a comprehensive, age-independent synthesis of sleep-disordered breathing, integrating validated definitions and classifications from standard sleep medicine texts with contemporary endotype-based pathophysiological models. Upper airway anatomy, craniofacial growth, and orofacial myofunction are discussed as interrelated determinants of airway stability. Diagnostic approaches, including clinical screening, dental evaluation, and polysomnography, are reviewed. Management strategies are presented in a stratified manner, emphasizing phenotype- and endotype-specific interventions across pediatric and adult populations. A multidisciplinary, airway-centered framework involving dentistry, sleep medicine, and allied specialties is essential for effective lifelong management of sleep-disordered breathing.

Triton: All in one irrigation solution in Endodontics

2026-07-30T20:48:44+0530

Endodontic success hinges on effective irrigation to disinfect canals and remove organic tissue and smear layer. To achieve the same objectives, traditional irrigation employs a series of sequential solutions - sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to dissolve organic tissues and disinfect the area, then a chelator such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to remove inorganic smear - since no single irrigant can accomplish all its objectives. This is a multistage procedure, which is chemically complicated and time-consuming because NaOCl and EDTA or chlorhexidine (CHX) can not be mixed without deactivating each other or precipitation. Purpose: This review is a critical evaluation of one novel all-in-one endodontic irrigation solution called Triton, which was created to make the irrigation procedure easier through the combination of a single product containing NaOCl with chelating and surfactants agents. We integrate the latest peer-reviewed articles relating to the Triton composition, effectiveness in disinfection and smear layer removal, safety profile, and clinical implications. Findings: Laboratory experiments show that Triton can have similar or even better antimicrobial efficacy and smear layer elimination than traditional multi-step regimens due to the presence of continuous chelation concept and additional surfactants which increase the penetration of NaOCl and its stability. Its cytotoxicity in vitro is comparable to NaOCl and low than EDTA. Conclusion: Triton is a good all-in-one irrigant with potential to simplify the process of root canal irrigating without affecting the cleaning effect. The existing evidence, however, is mostly in vitro. Its safety and effectiveness in the in vivo setting should be continued to be verified in clinical studies.

Guiding Growth: Early Interceptive Orthodontics in Mixed Dentition — A Clinical Case Series

2026-07-30T20:48:44+0530

Background- Early orthodontic intervention is crucial for establishing functional and harmonious occlusion. Early interceptive modalities, particularly for crossbite, open bite, hypoplastic maxilla, developing class III malocclusion and oral habits, effectively restore normal occlusal relationships at the onset of malocclusion. Beyond tooth alignment, such treatments address skeletal discrepancies, improve oral function, and stabilise soft tissue posture to ensure long-term stability.

Case Presentation- This case series reports three patients aged 8–9 years in the mixed dentition stage, presenting with anterior open bite, anterior and posterior crossbite, developing class III malocclusion, constricted maxilla, mouth breathing and tongue thrusting habits. Management involved myofunctional exercises, habit breaking appliance, ENT referral and maxillary expansion to correct dental and functional discrepancies. It also includes protraction face mask therapy for correcting hypoplastic maxilla. At the 12‑month follow‑up, all cases demonstrated stable occlusal relationships consistent without relapse.

Conclusion- The presented cases illustrate that interceptive treatment during mixed dentition supports skeletal and airway development, while habit correction and myofunctional therapy enhance long‑term stability. Early intervention reduces the complexity of later orthodontic needs, and interdisciplinary collaboration—particularly ENT referrals for mouth‑breathing children optimizing the outcomes. The timely management prevents malocclusion progression and promotes balanced craniofacial development, highlighting the broader significance of interceptive care in paediatric dentistry.

Management of Physiologic Gingival Hyperpigmentation Using Scalpel Technique: A Case Report

2026-07-30T20:48:44+0530

Abstract

Gingival hyperpigmentation caused by excessive melanin deposition in gingival tissues is a common aesthetic concern, particularly in individuals with a high smile line. Although physiologic gingival pigmentation is benign and asymptomatic, patients often seek treatment for cosmetic reasons. Various treatment modalities such as scalpel surgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, and laser therapy have been proposed for gingival depigmentation. Among these, the scalpel technique remains widely used due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and predictable outcomes. The present case report describes the management of physiologic gingival hyperpigmentation in a 20-year-old male patient using the scalpel surgical technique. Surgical stripping of the pigmented gingival epithelium was performed after oral prophylaxis. Healing occurred uneventfully by secondary intention, resulting in significant aesthetic improvement.

Odontogenic Fibromyxoma of the Mandibular Angle in a 3-Year-Old Child: A Rare Case Report

2026-07-30T20:48:44+0530

Odontogenic fibromyxoma is a rare, benign but locally aggressive mesenchymal tumor that predominantly affects young adults and is infrequently reported in early childhood. Its occurrence in the mandibular angle of very young children is exceptionally uncommon. We report a case of a 3-year-old female presenting with a gradually progressive, painless swelling in the right mandibular angle region. Clinical examination revealed mild facial asymmetry with a firm, non-tender swelling, while intraoral findings were unremarkable. Orthopantomographic (OPG) evaluation demonstrated a well-defined unilocular radiolucency with cortical thinning and preservation of the inferior mandibular border. Subsequent computed tomography (CT) further delineated a well-circumscribed expansile lesion. A provisional diagnosis of juvenile ossifying fibroma was considered; however, histopathological examination confirmed odontogenic fibromyxoma. The lesion was managed by curettage, and the patient is under follow-up. Early diagnosis and long-term follow-up are essential due to the risk of recurrence.

Keywords: Myxoma, Odontogenic tumors, Mandible, Child, Jaw Neoplasms.

Interpreting TMJ Pain Beyond Conventional TMD Etiologies

2026-08-01T09:44:43+0530

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is frequently encountered in oral medicine and is commonly attributed to primary temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). However, inflammatory arthropathies may involve the TMJ and present with orofacial symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed referral. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a seronegative spondyloarthropathy mainly affecting the axial skeleton, rarely presents with TMJ involvement, especially in young females.A young female presented with chronic TMJ pain accompanied by fatigue and functional limitation. Clinical evaluation suggested inflammatory TMJ arthritis rather than mechanical TMD. She also reported inflammatory low back pain with prolonged morning stiffness and reduced spinal mobility. Laboratory evaluation revealed HLA-B27 positivity, with negative rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody results. Imaging supported inflammatory TMJ involvement, leading to a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis in collaboration with rheumatology. TMJ pain may be an early manifestation of systemic inflammatory disease, requiring thorough evaluation and multidisciplinary referral for timely diagnosis and management.

A Comprehensive Study of Lobular Capillary Haemangioma in the Palate: Insights from a Single Case Report

2026-07-30T20:48:45+0530

Background: Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH), commonly known as pyogenic granuloma, is a benign vascular lesion that rarely occurs on the palate. Its atypical presentation can complicate diagnosis and treatment.

Aims: This case report aims to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and multidisciplinary management of a rare palatal LCH.

Materials and Methods: A 19-year-old female presented with a reddish, lobulated lesion on the left hard palate and gingiva, associated with bleeding and tooth mobility. Clinical examination, diascopy, CT imaging, and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical excision with extraction of involved teeth and use of diathermy was performed, followed by secondary healing.

Results: Histopathological analysis confirmed LCH. Postoperative healing was uneventful, with no recurrence at one- and three-month follow-ups.

Discussion: Early diagnosis and tailored surgical intervention are critical in managing oral vascular lesions to prevent complications.

Conclusion: Comprehensive evaluation and individualized treatment ensure favorable outcomes in rare cases of palatal LCH.

Pediatric Oral Squamous Papilloma of the Lower Lip Managed with Diode Laser: A Case Report.

2026-07-30T20:48:45+0530

ABSTRACT

Oral squamous papilloma (OSP) is an uncommon benign epithelial lesion in pediatric patients and is associated with low-risk human papillomavirus infection, particularly when arising at unusual intraoral sites such as the lower lip. The present case report describes the treatment of oral squamous papilloma in a 12-year-old boy presenting with a painless, exophytic papillary growth on the inner aspect of the lower lip. Based on clinical examination, a provisional diagnosis of oral squamous papilloma was made, and the lesion was excised using a diode laser under local anesthesia. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis, demonstrating papillary projections with fibrovascular cores and koilocytosis. The procedure was well tolerated with minimal bleeding and uneventful healing. No recurrence was observed during follow-up. Diode laser excision offers a minimally invasive, effective treatment option with favorable healing and improved patient comfort in pediatric patients

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Dentistry: Conceptual Foundations, Clinical Applications, and Comparative Evaluation

2026-07-30T20:48:45+0530

Dentistry is increasingly transitioning from a disease-centered model toward a patient-centered approach, emphasizing outcomes that matter most to patients. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) have emerged as essential tools for capturing patients’ perceptions of oral health, functional status, psychosocial well-being, and quality of life without clinician interpretation. This literature review aims to explore the conceptual foundations, evolution, classification, commonly used instruments, and clinical applications of PROMs in dentistry, with particular emphasis on prosthodontics and other dental specialties.

PROMs are grounded in health-related and oral health–related quality of life frameworks, including Locker’s model, Wilson and Cleary’s model, and the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning (ICF). Over time, dentistry has progressed from reliance on clinician-reported indices to the incorporation of validated generic, oral health–specific, age-specific, and disease-specific PROMs such as OHIP, GOHAI, OIDP, PIDAQ, CPQ, and ECOHIS. These instruments have demonstrated value in assessing outcomes related to pain, function, esthetics, psychological well-being, and social participation across dental disciplines including prosthodontics, periodontology, orthodontics, oral surgery, and pediatric dentistry.

The integration of PROMs into clinical practice enhances patient–provider communication, supports shared decision-making, and improves evaluation of treatment effectiveness beyond traditional clinical measures. However, challenges such as time constraints, cultural adaptation, response bias, and lack of routine implementation remain. Emerging digital PROMs (ePROMs), artificial intelligence–based adaptive tools, and integration with electronic health records offer promising solutions.

In conclusion, PROMs represent indispensable components of modern, evidence-based, and value-driven dental care. Their systematic adoption, supported by robust validation, digital integration, and policy endorsement, is essential for advancing patient-centered dentistry and improving both clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

The Impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Craving Management and Psychological Well-Being in Tobacco Cessation

2026-07-30T22:01:39+0530

A significant portion of the universal health threat is attributed to tobacco consumption, which perpetuates a rising concern of preventable morbidity and mortality (Vinci, 2020). Notwithstanding the array of abstinence methods available, including pharmacotherapy, nicotine replacement therapy, behavioral therapy, and digital apps, the smoking relapse rates continue to be an unresolved matter. Psychological disquiet encompassing craving, stress, anxiety, and depression serves to aggravate the issue (Hecht et al., 2018; Vibe et al., 2010). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a comprehensive regimen that follows a holistic approach of practicing mindfulness, meditation, yoga, and body scanning. It has come to light as an effective intervention in addressing both physical and psychological well-being during smoking cessation, being implemented as an adjunctive measure (Michalsen et al., 2004). This literature review critically analyzes the literature on MBSR's proficiency in diminishing stress, enhancing craving management, and improving emotional regulation (Davis et al., 2015). The review synthesizes findings from multiple studies, comparing MBSR to other cessation interventions and exploring its potential long-term benefits. However, pronounced shortfalls remain, particularly regarding long-term outcomes due to short follow-ups and their applicability to diverse populations. Subsequent studies ought to address these limitations to determine MBSR's full potential in tobacco cessation programs.

Keywords: craving management, mindfulness-based stress reduction, tobacco cessation, relapse prevention, psychological well-being

Problematic Internet Usage: A survey study of Dental Students in India

2026-07-30T20:48:45+0530

Background

The rise of technology has made online communication a vital part of life. However, unregulated internet use can harm relationships and negatively impact both psychological and physical well-being.

Objective:

To establish degree of internet dependency among dental students.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 dental students from different academic years of different dental colleges. Demographic details, the reason for using the Internet, and the amount of time spent using it were documented. A 20-item version of Young's Internet Addiction Test was used to measure internet dependency. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 23.0 software.

Results:

Internet dependency had prevalence of 21.5%. The highest mean score for Internet dependency (45.84±9.27) was seen among 2^nd year students. Internet dependency was statistically significantly (p=0.02) correlated with the number of hours spent on Internet each day as Daily usage. Dependence (11.85±1.68), Excessive use (11.63±1.45), State of mind (8.51±2.00), Blocking the spontaneity of Existence (9.18±1.62), as well as Non-restraint (7.48±2.89) were the five primary divisions that our research found to determine degree of dependency.

Conclusion:

Most students have varying degrees of internet dependency.