UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES

Role of Immuno-histochemistry in evaluation of Salivary Duct Carcinoma

2026-06-24T05:15:57+0530

Salivary Duct Carcinoms are rare and account for a very small percentage of salivary gland carcinomas. Histopathologically, SDCs resemble various other tumors of the salivary gland. Immunohistochemical markers can be of value in diagnosing rare salivary gland malignancies, including SDCs. The long-term prognosis of these tumors can be evaluated by a combination of different biomarkers

Awareness about poor oral health and its interrelationship with different systemic diseases among nursing fraternities - A crossectional survey

2026-04-27T17:19:04+0530

Poor oral health has long been associated with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, and respiratory infections, largely due to chronic inflammation and the spread of oral bacteria into the bloodstream. Awareness of this relationship is especially important among nursing professionals, as they play a key role in patient education and health promotion. This study assessed nurses’ knowledge regarding the correlation between oral health and systemic diseases through a 20-item questionnaire administered to 162 participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22 (IBM, USA). The findings revealed a positive attitude and satisfactory awareness among nurses regarding oral–systemic health links, highlighting the need to further strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration between nurses and dental professionals to improve overall health outcomes.

Analysis of Dermatoglyphics and Cheiloscopy Patterns in Hypertensive and type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients - A Clinical Study

2026-04-27T17:19:04+0530

Abstract

Development of hypertension is strongly impacted by hereditary and environmental variables. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease that is mostly defined by genetics and is closely linked to family medical history. Positive medical history increases the probability of disease risk. Hence the investigation of correlation of dermatoglyphics patterns as well as cheiloscopy patterns helps in early diagnosis of hypertension as well as type II diabetes mellitus.

Aim :- to investigate the incidence of dermatoglyphics and cheiloscopy patterns in hypertensive and type II diabetes mellitus patients within the North Indian population.

Materials and Method :- In this study 500 patients were enrolled ( aged > 40 years),Group 1 :- 150 patients having history of hypertension, group 2 :- 150 patients having history of type II DM, group 3 patients :- 200 patients having history of both hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus. Lipprint patterns were captured with red flamed lip color and cello tape where as fingerprint patterns were captured with the help of stamp ink pad on white bond paper.

Results:- Cheiloscopic analysis showed the prevalence of branched and reticular type of patterns in hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus patients. No gender statistically significant difference was seen with respect to cheiloscopic patterns in hypertension as well as in type II diabetes mellitus patients. Dermatoglyphic patterns showed the predominance of whorl and ulnar loop pattern in all the three groups. Gender statistical significant difference was observed.

Conclusion:- The study concludes that the occurrence of type II diabetes mellitus and hypertension may be determined using dermatoglyphic and cheiloscopic patterns, respectively.

Key words:- Dermatoglyphic,cheiloscopic,type II diabetes mellitus,hypertension.

Differential Expression of Salivary Mucin and Total Protein in Periodontitis Patients Following Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy

2026-04-27T17:19:04+0530

Objective: This study investigated changes in salivary mucin and total protein levels in patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis before and three months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

Methods: Ninety systemically healthy subjects aged 25–55 years were divided into three groups: Group I (periodontally healthy controls), Group II (gingivitis), and Group III (chronic generalized periodontitis). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline for all groups and at three months post-NSPT for Groups II and III. Salivary mucin was quantified using the Alcian Blue method, and total protein levels were estimated using the biuret method. Clinical parameters including gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, paired and unpaired t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Results: At baseline, Group III demonstrated significantly higher clinical parameters and total protein levels compared to Groups II and I (Group III > Group II > Group I). Salivary mucin levels were higher in Group II than in Group III. Following NSPT, both Groups II and III showed significant improvement in clinical parameters. A significant reduction in total protein levels was observed in both groups, while salivary mucin levels showed a modest increase post-therapy. Positive correlations were noted between clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers.

Conclusion: NSPT results in significant modulation of salivary mucin and total protein levels, correlating with clinical periodontal improvement. Salivary biomarkers may serve as noninvasive tools for monitoring periodontal therapy outcomes.

Comparative Evaluation of Open Flap Debridement, T-PRF with Xenogenic Bone Graft in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects with Endo-perio Lesions

2026-04-27T17:19:04+0530

Introduction:

Titanium- prepared platelet rich fibrin (T-PRF) is an autologous hemo-component with a high concentration of platelets that also incorporates leukocytes, and growth factors into the dense fibrin matrix and can be used as a healing biomaterial.

Aim:

This study evaluates the use of T-PRF in intrabony defects with open flap debridement along with xenograft.

Methodology:

A prospective single blind study randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on 36 patients diagnosed with endo-perio lesions with intrabony defects and were divided into three groups. In Group A only Open Flap Debridement (OFD) was done, Group B received xenograft along with OFD, Group C received xenograft along with T- PRF . Clinical parameters such as Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Pocket probing depth (PPD), and Relative attachment level (RAL) were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Additionally, radiographic parameters including % bone fill and bone density were assessed using CBCT at baseline and after 6 months to measure bone regeneration.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed that all clinical and radiographic parameters improved significantly across all treatment groups over the study period, better results were seen in group treated with T- PRF as a membrane while Group C, treated with xenograft (Bio Oss)® along with T- PRF, showed substantial improvement in parameters.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that combination of xenograft (Bio Oss)® along with T- PRF as a membrane and OFD holds promise for treating endo-perio lesions along with intrabony defects, leading to significant improvements in clinical and radiographic parameters.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices Regarding Biomedical Waste Management among Dental Students and Dental Auxiliaries: An Institutional Study

2026-04-27T17:19:04+0530

Introduction:

Health care is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. Biomedical wastes are generated from all levels of health care facilities and cause a serious threat to environment as well as people associated with it. Effective management of biomedical waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.

Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among dental students and auxiliaries working in tertiary care center.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the dental students and dental auxiliaries of Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata. A pre-validated and pre-tested structured closed ended questionnaire was given to them. Participants are instructed to tick their response in the questionnaire. The data was tabulated and interpretation will be done in percentages using SPSS.

Discussion: The importance of training regarding biomedical waste management cannot be overemphasized. This study will attempt to evaluate the same among the dental students and auxiliaries.

Comparison of root resorption between self ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets using cone beam computed tomography – a randomised clinical trial

2026-04-27T17:19:05+0530

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the extent of external apical root resorption (EARR) in the maxillary anterior teeth during the early phase of orthodontic treatment using either self-ligating or conventional preadjusted edgewise brackets.

Materials and Methods: Seventy participants, averaging 21 years in age and diagnosed with Angle’s Class I malocclusion accompanied by 3 to 6 mm of upper anterior crowding, were enrolled. These subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: Group I (n = 35) treated with self-ligating brackets, and Group II (n = 35) treated with conventional preadjusted brackets. A total of 840 maxillary anterior teeth were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with the NNT software. CBCT imaging was performed before treatment initiation (T1) and six months into treatment (T2). Intergroup and intragroup variations were statistically analyzed using independent and paired t-tests, respectively, at a 5% significance level.

Results: Both groups exhibited statistically significant differences in EARR between T1 and T2. However, the variation in root resorption between the two bracket systems was minimal.

Conclusion: All evaluated teeth showed evidence of root resorption, but the difference attributed to bracket type (self-ligating vs. conventional) was relatively minor.

Comparative Evaluation of Acupressure and Virtual Reality Distraction for Anxiety Reduction in Children Aged 8-12 Yrs – A Randomized Control Trial”

2026-06-24T05:16:48+0530

Background and Aim: Anxiety is an obstacle during dental treatment. Acupressure and Virtual reality distraction (VRD) are the newer behaviour modification techniques currently gaining popularity in clinical pediatric dentistry. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of acupressure and VRD on anxiety in children.

Methods: The current study is a single centered, two arm, explanatory study with parallel design and balanced allocation ratio. A total of 60 children aged 8-12 years meeting inclusion criteria were randomly and equally divide into acupressure (group I) and VRD (group II). Acupressure group was further subdivided into three groups with 10 subjects in each subgroup based on the acupoints selected (EX-HN3, Shen Men, P6). Acupressure beads were employed over the selected acupoints for group I and VRD glasses playing cartoons were put on for group II. Anxiety was measured at four different time intervals at baseline, forty minutes after application of acupressure in group I and five minutes after using virtual reality device in group II, five minutes after local anesthesia, lastly fifteen minutes after completion of treatment. Modified child dental anxiety scale faces version (MCDAS[F]) was used for subjective assessment, Venham’s clinical anxiety rating scale (VCRS) for objective assessment and pulse rate (PR) for physiologic assessment. Recorded values were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: Both the groups showed significant reduction in anxiety. VRD reduced anxiety to a greater extent than acupressure.

Conclusion: VRD can be used as a successful behaviour modification technique and acupressure can be a viable alternative.

Assessment of “Maxillary First Premolar” Root canal configurations in population of Jaipur Rajasthan using CBCT analysis:An observational study

2026-06-23T05:16:44+0530

In this observational study, Cone Beam Computed Tomography was employed to examine the root canal morphology of maxillary first premolars in the Jaipur population.The scans of patients referred from private radiology centres were analysed for the number of roots, canal configurations, and biaxial symmetry. Significant anatomical variation was observed, highlighting the need for population-specific data in endodontic treatment planning. Bilateral symmetry was present in many cases but was not consistent across all samples. The findings reinforce the utility of CBCT as a reliable, non-invasive aid for accurate identification for complex root canal systems, ultimately aiding in improved clinical outcomes.

Evaluation of Bleeding Following Dental Extraction in Patients Undergoing Single or Dual Antiplatelet Therapy – A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

2026-06-24T05:16:23+0530

Background & Aim- Bleeding complications after dental extraction are a concern for patients on antiplatelet therapy, which prevents clot formation but increases bleeding risk. While discontinuing aspirin before surgery may not be necessary, evidence on managing dual or non-aspirin antiplatelet users is limited. This study evaluates the impact of single and dual antiplatelet drugs on post-extraction bleeding.

Materials & Methods- This prospective randomized study, conducted from January 2019 to January 2023, included 80 patients divided into single and dual antiplatelet therapy groups. All extractions were performed in the mandible to control local hemostatic effects. Blood loss was measured using pre-weighed gauze, with post-operative bleeding assessed every 30 minutes for two hours.

Result- The study found no significant differences between the two groups in gender distribution, bleeding time, platelet count, tooth per unit area, or total blood loss during and after extraction. One-way ANOVA showed no significant variations in post-operative blood loss at different time intervals.

Conclusion- This study suggests that stopping dual antiplatelet therapy before dental extractions may not be necessary. Patients on aspirin, clopidogrel, or ticlopidine for over three months can safely undergo extractions without altering their regimen. Atraumatic techniques are recommended for intra-alveolar extractions.

Evaluating the Diagnostic Reliability of MKG & Tau Angle with ANB Angle , W Angle, Yen Angle, Beta Angle, and Wits Appraisal in Mixed Solan Population – A Cephalometric Study

2026-06-24T05:15:44+0530

Introduction: Accurate evaluation of sagittal jaw discrepancies is essential for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Conventional cephalometric parameters, including ANB angle, Wits appraisal, Beta, Yen, and W angles, are commonly used but have limitations. Newer measurements such as the MKG and Tau angles have been proposed to improve diagnostic reliability. Objective: To assess the diagnostic reliability of MKG and Tau angles and their correlation with established cephalometric parameters in a mixed Solan population. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 pretreatment lateral cephalograms were classified into Class I, II, and III malocclusions based on ANB angle. Parameters analyzed included ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta, Yen, W, MKG, and Tau angles. Statistical analysis involved ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni tests, and Spearman’s correlation to evaluate intergroup differences and associations. Results: The Tau angle demonstrated high sensitivity (100%) in Class II and III malocclusions, with strong correlations to conventional measurements. The MKG angle showed moderate sensitivity (76–87%) but was less consistent in Class I. Beta angle and Wits appraisal achieved the highest overall sensitivity (100%). All parameters differed significantly among malocclusion groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The Tau angle is a highly reliable parameter for assessing sagittal discrepancies, particularly in Class II and III cases, and can complement ANB and Beta angles in clinical practice. MKG provides additional diagnostic support but with slightly lower predictive accuracy. Integrating these novel angles may enhance diagnostic precision and enable more personalized orthodontic treatment planning.

Prevalence of various tongue anomalies in the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh- A Hospital Based Study

2026-06-24T05:15:19+0530

Background: The tongue is an essential part of the oral cavity. The physical inspection of the tongue aid in expressing the overall health of an individual. The tongue performs various functions, such as helping in swallowing, tasting, speaking, and chewing.

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of different tongue lesions in Indian

population.

Materials and Methods: A total of 1739 patients were evaluated. The tongue was inspected for any modification on its surface and particular lesions.

Result: The most frequent tongue lesion diagnosed was coated tongue, shown by 156 patients (28.78%), followed by geographic tongue in 87 patients (16.05%), depapillated tongue in 83 patients (15.31%), and fissured tongue in 66 patients. (12.18%).

A Multidisciplinary Approach to space closure in adult orthodontic patient : A case report using PAOO

2026-04-27T17:19:06+0530

Abstract

Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) is an interdisciplinary procedure that combines selective alveolar corticotomy, bone grafting, and orthodontic force application to accelerate tooth movement through the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). This technique significantly reduces treatment duration while maintaining periodontal stability. This report presents the case of a 19-year-old female who reported to the Department of Periodontology with a persistent extraction space between the maxillary right canine and second premolar, four months after extraction of the first premolar. Conventional orthodontic mechanics failed to close the space. PAOO was performed in the first quadrant, followed by immediate orthodontic activation. Healing was uneventful, and complete space closure was achieved. Radiographic evaluation confirmed periodontal stability with no root resorption. The case highlights the effectiveness of PAOO in managing orthodontic space closure in adults and underscores the value of interdisciplinary care.

Illuminating Smiles: Comparative Clinical Outcomes of Vital and Non-Vital Tooth Bleaching — A Dual Case Report

2026-04-27T17:19:06+0530

ABSTRACT

Background: Tooth discoloration, whether vital or post-endodontic, presents a major esthetic concern. Bleaching remains a conservative and biologically safe alternative when performed under controlled conditions.

Case Presentation: Two bleaching cases were managed under magnification. Case 1 involved in-office vital bleaching using 35% carbamide peroxide on anterior teeth. Case 2 involved non-vital bleaching of a root canal–treated maxillary central incisor using sodium perborate with 5% hydrogen peroxide, following a Lenhard–Serrano-based cervical barrier design to minimize peroxide diffusion and prevent external cervical resorption (ECR). Both cases showed stable 3-month results with no relapse or complications.

Conclusion: Meticulous isolation, controlled peroxide concentration, and correctly positioned cervical barriers ensure predictable esthetic and biological outcomes in vital and non-vital bleaching.

Conquering Deep Overbite: Strategies for Restoring Functional Bite Synchronising with Associated Structures

2026-04-27T17:19:06+0530

Increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is a common practice in the management of severely worn dentition to achieve sufficient space for restoration. It may also be necessary for aesthetic reasons, such as in cases of short lower facial height, deep/complete bite, or incomplete eruption of teeth.

Deep overbite can be managed by opening the posterior bite with anterior teeth in contact with the help of a modified Dahl's appliance. Deep overbite situations can also be corrected by different types of removable and fixed orthodontic appliances causing intrusion and extrusion of teeth. The choice of modality depends on the individual patient's needs and preferences. It is important to carefully consider the risks and benefits of increasing VDO before making a decision.

A Case report Restoring the motion in bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis- A Case Report

2026-04-27T17:19:06+0530

An adult male patient of age 35 years has visited in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in MPCD& RC College , Gwalior with severe limited mouth opening (< 5mm ) accompanied by open bite , resulting in impaired chewing function and decline in Psychological confidence after his road traffic accident two years back where he does not underwent any definitive treatment for his condylar fracture and which resulted in TMJ Ankylosis. The surgical procedure of gap Arthroplasty bilaterally in the patient with the resection of the ankylotic mass was done until mouth opening reached 35mm. Patient had mouth opening of 30mm and he is still under aggressive Physiotherapy for the same and has been able to perform various functions like speech clearity, maintainence of oral hygiene & chewing food which is the main concern for the patient which resulted in decline in confidence. Early post-operative exercises, close follow-up of the patient has been done for the prevention of postoperative adhesions and re-ankylosis.

"Aesthetic Transformation of Fluorosed Teeth Using Minimally Invasive Direct Composite Veneers: A Case Report”

2026-04-27T17:19:06+0530

ABSTRACT

Minimally invasive esthetic dentistry has increased the use of direct composite veneers as a conservative alternative to ceramic restorations for managing anterior discolorations. Dental fluorosis, resulting from excessive fluoride intake during enamel formation, commonly produces frosty white and yellowish-brown stains and surface irregularities that compromise smile esthetics and patient confidence. This case report presents the esthetic management of moderate dental fluorosis using direct composite veneers completed in a single visit. Treatment involved shade selection with the composite button technique, minimal enamel preparation restricted to stained areas, bonding with a self-etch adhesive, and restoration with a nanohybrid composite resin using a polychromatic incremental layering approach to simulate natural dentin–enamel optics. Finishing and polishing with sequential disc systems yielded smooth, glossy surfaces with excellent shade integration and anatomy. The outcome demonstrates that, with appropriate case selection and careful execution, direct composite veneers offer a predictable, conservative, and cost-effective solution for anterior teeth affected by moderate fluorosis.

Treatment of Fibrotic Gingival Enlargement an Obstacle During Orthodontic Space Closure: A Case Report

2026-04-27T17:19:06+0530

Gingival enlargement (GE) can arise due to gingival inflammation, fibrous overgrowth, or a combination of both, leading to challenges such as plaque control issues, difficulty in chewing and speaking, as well as esthetic and psychological concerns. One of the contributing factors to gingival hypertrophy is orthodontic treatment. A 14-year-old female patient visited the Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology at K.D. Dental College and Hospital with a complaint of GE affecting her front teeth. She was undergoing orthodontic treatment to close spacing in the anterior region. The presence of GE was interfering with space closure. To address the condition, a gingivectomy was performed to excise the excess gingival tissue. The patient continued with her fixed orthodontic treatment, accompanied by monthly periodontal check-ups to manage gingival inflammation. Effective management of hyperplasia in orthodontic patients requires close collaboration between the periodontist and orthodontist to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.

"Clinical Versatility of Posterior Conservative Indirect Restorations- A Case Series”

2026-05-08T21:30:16+0530

Molars in both the maxillary and mandibular arches are frequently subjected to heavy masticatory forces, making them more susceptible to cusp fractures—especially of the functional cusps, which bear the greatest load. In cases where these load-bearing areas are compromised, conventional direct restorations like amalgam or composite may prove inadequate. In such cases, dental inlays are valuable in preserving teeth damaged by extensive caries or mechanical preparation. Inlays are custom-crafted in the laboratory using materials like metal, composite resin, or ceramic & are then precisely bonded to the prepared tooth to restore its natural form, strength, and function. Present case series describe 3 cases of metal, composite & zirconia inlays respectively, patients presented with chief complaints of food lodgement & sensitivity to cold. The radiographic finding showed defect extended till dentin with no pulpal involvement. Diagnosis of reversible pulpitis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis was made. Treatment plan of metal, composite and zirconia inlays in 3 different cases was planned based on preferred esthetic needs and occlusion of the patients. This case series presents the use of inlays as a minimally invasive, indirect posterior restorations, highlighting their effectiveness in achieving long-lasting, well-fitting, and functional outcomes.

Pleomorphic adenoma to adenoid cystic carcinoma of hard palate (Major tumor in minor salivary gland)

2026-06-24T05:16:10+0530

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of major salivary glands and less frequently in minor salivary glands. Here, we report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands of the hard palate in a 75 year old Indian female, removed by wide local excision with adequate margins with immunohistochemistry essay suggestive of adenoid cystic carcinoma of hard palate which is a rare transformation of a benign salivary gland neoplasm to a malignant form.

Understanding Various Oral Complications or Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

2026-04-27T17:19:06+0530

Diabetes mellitus is known as a chronic metabolic disease described by hyperglycemia because of a defect in the secretion of insulin. Patients having uncontrolled diabetes had increased chances of having oral and systemic complications. The present review scrutinize the existing documentation in the literature related to the oral manifestation or oral complication of diabetes mellitus. English language articles were searched in various databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Science direct and Google scholar. The keyword used for searching are “oral manifestation of diabetes”, “oral complication of diabetes”, “diabetes and oral health”. The present review spotlights on understanding the various oral manifestations or oral diseases which are linked to diabetes mellitus.

Association of Oral Microflora with Various Systemic Disorders – A Review

2026-04-27T17:19:06+0530

Emerging evidence suggests that the oral microbiome plays a pivotal role not only in maintaining oral health but also in the etiology and progression of a wide range of systemic disorders. This review presents findings from recent literature examining the correlation between oral microbial dysbiosis and various systemic diseases—including cancer, obesity, cleft lip and palate (CLP), pulmonary conditions such as pneumonia and COPD, cardiovascular diseases, and neurogenic disorders like Parkinson’s disease (PD). The mechanisms linking oral microbiota to systemic pathologies primarily involve chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, metabolic disruption, and microbial translocation. In cancer and cardiovascular diseases, key oral pathogens have been implicated in tumorigenesis and atherogenesis, respectively. In obesity and metabolic syndrome, they contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. In CLP, impaired microbial balance worsens healing outcomes, while in pulmonary diseases, aspirated oral bacteria act as reservoirs for respiratory pathogens. In PD, oral dysbiosis may exacerbate neuroinflammation and increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. These associations underscore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of oral microbiota, positioning them as viable targets for early intervention, risk stratification, and management of systemic conditions.

Periodontal aspects of improvement in smile: A Narrative review

2026-05-08T21:25:45+0530

A smile significantly influences social interactions, self-perception, and psychological well-being. Dental and periodontal esthetic issues—such as gingival recession, gummy smile, black triangles, midline diastema, tooth wear, discoloration, and fluorosis—can impair function and psychosocial health, causing speech difficulties, sensitivity, and reduced self-esteem. Modern esthetic dentistry addresses these challenges through multidisciplinary approaches, including digital technologies, minimally invasive techniques, regenerative therapies, lasers, and biomaterials. Procedures like coronally advanced flap with connective tissue graft, VISTA, platelet-rich fibrin application, laser-assisted surgery, digital-guided crown lengthening, and soft tissue grafting improve root coverage, interdental papilla reconstruction, gingival depigmentation, and overall esthetics. Nanoparticles and tissue engineering further support periodontal regeneration. Evidence indicates these techniques enhance clinical outcomes, esthetic appearance, function, patient satisfaction, and quality of life. Continued research and implementation of advanced interventions are vital for effective treatment planning and optimized patient-centered care.

Nanotechnology in Orthodontics: A Review

2026-06-24T05:15:32+0530

ABSTRACT :

Nanotechnology represents a groundbreaking advancement that has captured significant attention in the scientific community over recent decades. It is one of the fastest-evolving fields today, with broad applications across various industries, particularly in health care. This article provides an overview of the latest and most notable innovations in nanotechnology within dentistry, with a specific focus on orthodontics. Special emphasis is placed on the development and use of novel nanomaterials in the production of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures, power chains, and mini screws.

The Outlier Premolar: Rare Anatomy in Maxillary Second Premolar- A Case Report

2026-04-27T17:19:07+0530

ABSTRACT

Successful root canal therapy depends on the clinician’s understanding of root canal anatomy, which often shows considerable variation, particularly in multirooted teeth. The maxillary second premolar usually has a single root with one or two canals; however, the presence of three separate canals in distinct roots is exceedingly rare and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

This paper reviews anatomical variations in maxillary second premolars, highlighting the uncommon occurrence of three canals. Although their prevalence is minimal, undetected canals are a major cause of endodontic failure. Radiographic assessment remains the primary diagnostic tool, yet its two-dimensional limitations can obscure complex anatomy. Multi-angled periapical radiographs, CBCT imaging, and magnification through dental operating microscopes improve detection and management.

Proper access cavity design, meticulous exploration of the pulp chamber, and negotiation of fine canals using small hand files are crucial. Rotary systems like ProTaper Gold, used with a crown-down technique, facilitate effective shaping of intricate canal systems. Obturation with matching-taper gutta-percha cones and bioceramic sealers ensures a three-dimensional seal.

Geographic and ethnic factors may influence canal morphology, as suggested by reports from Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and East Asia. Clinicians should remain alert to such rare variations and modify their approach accordingly. Ultimately, a thorough understanding of anatomy, coupled with advanced diagnostic tools and refined clinical skills, is essential for successful management of maxillary second premolars with three canals.

Laser Vs Ozone As An Adjunct To Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review

2026-06-24T05:16:36+0530

Introduction: Periodontal disease is characterized by chronic inflammatory

processes that are caused by the triggering of the host response by specific

pathogens, progressive destruction of alveolar bone, and apical migration of

connective tissue and epithelial attachments. Some authors have suggested the

development of new treatment modalities,such as lasers, ozone, as an adjunct to periodontal therapy.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of Laser and Ozone as an adjunct to periodontal

therapy.

Method: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane

Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials, and

EMBASE, were searched from january 2010 till january 2025 to collect relevant data and write a systematic review.

Result: Laser was found to be slightly better than ozone in terms of anti-

inflammatory property

Conclusion: Laser was found to be slightly better than ozone in terms of anti- inflammatory property whereas ozone was slightly better for wound healing than laser. This review has supported the use of laser and ozone as adjuncts to conventional periodontal therapy.

P53 gene – A salivary biomarker in Oral cancer detection.

2026-04-27T17:19:07+0530

Oral cancer remains a major global health burden, with late-stage diagnosis contributing significantly to poor prognosis and high mortality. The identification of reliable, non-invasive biomarkers is crucial for early detection and improved patient outcomes. Among molecular markers, the tumor suppressor gene p53 has emerged as a pivotal candidate due to its central role in regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and genomic stability. Mutations or altered expression of p53 are frequently observed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), making it a promising diagnostic and prognostic indicator. Saliva, as a diagnostic fluid, offers unique advantages: it is easily accessible, non-invasive, and contains a wide array of molecular constituents reflective of systemic and local pathological changes. Recent advances in salivary diagnostics have demonstrated that p53 mutations and protein alterations can be detected in saliva samples of oral cancer patients, correlating with disease progression and severity. The integration of salivary p53 analysis into clinical practice could revolutionize oral cancer screening by enabling early detection, monitoring therapeutic response, and predicting recurrence risk. Furthermore, salivary-based assays are cost-effective and patient-friendly, enhancing their applicability in large-scale population screening programs. This abstract highlights the potential of p53 as a salivary biomarker, emphasizing its clinical relevance in oral cancer detection and the transformative impact of saliva-based molecular diagnostics in oncology.

Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Young Patients – Case Series

2026-04-27T17:19:07+0530

Dental trauma is a severe traumatic injury involving alveolar bone and dental structures. Like any trauma, it can leave irreparable sequelae and even cause tooth loss. The present series of case reports highlight the management of such traumatic dental injuries that are seen in dental practice.

Emerging Role of Robotics in Prosthodontics: Clinical Integration and Future Trends

2026-04-28T09:01:02+0530

The integration of robotics in prosthodontics is redefining traditional concepts of oral rehabilitation by introducing unprecedented precision, automation, and consistency in both clinical and laboratory procedures. Robotics bridges digital dentistry with advanced engineering, enabling seamless workflows that extend from intraoral scanning and virtual treatment planning to the fabrication, adjustment, and quality control of prosthetic components. Robotic systems are increasingly being used for dynamic simulation of mandibular movements, full-arch rehabilitation planning, and automated milling or 3D printing processes, thereby elevating the accuracy of occlusal design and improving the predictability of treatment outcomes.

In clinical settings, robotic-assisted implant placement and jaw-movement tracking systems enhance prosthesis fit, optimize load distribution, and reduce human error. Laboratory applications, such as robotic manipulation, automated polishing, and AI-assisted design algorithms, streamline repetitive tasks and improve efficiency, allowing dental technicians to focus on higher-level craftsmanship. Emerging technologies—including haptic-feedback robotics, soft robotics, and autonomous prosthetic fabrication—are expected to further expand the scope of digital prosthodontics through improved adaptability and minimally invasive workflows.

This narrative review synthesizes current evidence and technological advancements to provide a comprehensive overview of robotic applications across fixed, removable, and implant-supported prosthodontics. It also discusses challenges related to cost, training, integration complexity, and standardization. By consolidating contemporary knowledge, the review aims to equip practitioners, educators, and researchers with a deeper understanding of how robotics is transforming prosthodontic care, ultimately contributing to enhanced precision, efficiency, and patient-centered outcomes.