UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES

Revolutionizing Orthodontics: The Transformative Power of 3D Printing"

2023-12-09T12:42:19+0530

Introduction:

In the realm of orthodontics, the integration of cutting-edge technology has always played a pivotal role in advancing patient care and treatment methodologies. One such technological marvel making waves in the field is 3D printing. This groundbreaking innovation is not only reshaping the landscape of orthodontics but also ushering in a new era of personalized and efficient dental care.

The Evolution of Orthodontics:

Traditional orthodontic practices often involved cumbersome procedures, including messy impressions and manual adjustments. However, the advent of 3D printing has streamlined these processes, offering a more precise and patient-friendly approach. This technology allows orthodontists to create customized solutions tailored to the unique dental anatomy of each patient.

Precision and Personalization:

One of the key advantages of 3D printing in orthodontics is the unparalleled precision it offers. Traditional methods of creating dental appliances relied heavily on manual labor and subjective judgments. With 3D printing, orthodontists can generate highly accurate digital models of a patient's teeth, facilitating the creation of personalized and perfectly fitting devices.

Orthodontic Aligners:

Perhaps the most notable application of 3D printing in orthodontics is the fabrication of clear aligners. These transparent, removable devices have gained immense popularity as an alternative to traditional braces. 3D printing enables the production of a series of aligners designed to gradually shift the teeth into the desired position, providing a more comfortable and aesthetically pleasing option for patients.

Reduced Treatment Time:

The efficiency of 3D printing technology extends beyond precision and personalization; it also contributes to a significant reduction in treatment time. Traditional methods often involved time-consuming processes such as manual adjustments and multiple visits for adjustments. 3D printing allows for the rapid production of orthodontic appliances, expediting treatment timelines and enhancing patient satisfaction.

Enhanced Collaboration and Communication:

Incorporating 3D printing in orthodontics fosters improved communication and collaboration among dental professionals. Digital files can be easily shared between orthodontists, dentists, and technicians, allowing for seamless coordination in treatment planning and execution. This collaborative approach enhances the overall quality of patient care.

Challenges and Future Outlook:

While 3D printing has revolutionized orthodontics, challenges such as initial investment costs and the need for ongoing training exist. However, as the technology continues to mature and become more accessible, these challenges are likely to diminish. The future of orthodontics undoubtedly lies in the continued integration and advancement of 3D printing technology.

Conclusion:

The marriage of orthodontics and 3D printing represents a monumental leap forward in dental care. This transformative technology not only improves precision and personalization but also reduces treatment time, ultimately enhancing the overall patient experience. As 3D printing in orthodontics continues to evolve, its impact is poised to shape the future of dental healthcare, providing practitioners with powerful tools to deliver exceptional, patient-centric treatment

Evaluation of Osteoporosis of Jaws Using Morphometric Indices in Panoramic Radiographs

2023-12-09T12:42:19+0530

ABSTRACT

Background & Objectives: Osteoporosis affects many elderly individuals and may not be identified until fracture-related symptoms manifest. Osteoporosis must be identified early in order to allow both therapy and prevention. In contrast to panoramic radiography, which is often utilized in dentistry, access to osteoporosis screening is frequently restricted. This emphasizes the part that dentists play in the early detection of this condition. With this context, the goal of the current study is to use digital panoramic radiographs to analyze the radiomorphometric indices of the mandible.

Materials and Methods: The study's sample included 100 panoramic radiographs, 50 of which were of men and 50 of women, all of whom were between the ages of 30-80. The data that were collected were statistically analyzed.

Results: Aging was associated with a decline in GI. Only among females above the age of 51 did MI exhibit a drop in mean values. PMI showed a dramatic decline after age 40. Age-related increases in C2 and C3 categories. In comparison to female patients, male patients had considerably higher measured values for mental foramen width, mandibular canal width, GI and MI. Most C3 cortical appearances were observed in females.

Conclusion: Older females had a decreased mandibular cortical thickness. This study demonstrated the value of mental foramen and mandibular canal width, GI, MI PMI, and MCI in identifying patients with osteoporosis or low skeletal bone mineral densities. Therefore, it is recommended that oral physicians take on a special role in patient screening for the assessment of osteoporosis.

“Assessment of oral health related quality of life among cancer patients using Hindi version of EORTC QLQ OH 15 in western Uttar Pradesh, India- A cross sectional survey ”

2023-12-09T12:42:19+0530

BACKGROUND: As cancer is predicted to be the leading cause of death and the main obstacle to raising quality of life around the world in the twenty-first century, researchers and policymakers have paid close attention to this disease. Aim: To assess the oral health-related quality of life (HRQL) of cancer patients in relation to their type and therapy of cancer.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among patients being treated in the department of radiotherapy in Aligarh who had been diagnosed with various types of cancer. The Hindi version of EOTRC Core Questionnaires (QLQ-C30 version 3) and Oral Health Module (QLQOH15) were used to evaluate the oral health related quality of life among cancer patients. The QLQ-C30 and QLQOH15 scores were linearly translated to a scale of 0-100, with a higher score denoting either a greater level of functioning or overall QOL or a reduced level of symptoms or difficulties. Through the patients' medical records, demographic and clinical data were also gathered.

RESULTS: The most prevalent kind of malignancy seen was head and neck cancer, which affected 98 (70.1%) individuals. Every patient was undergoing active therapy. Known group comparison showed that elderly patients who underwent more complex treatment had poorer scores in various subscales of Hindi QLQ-OH 15 in comparison to patients in other treatment groups and the results were statistically significant(p≤0.05).

Conclusion: When comparing the QoL of known groups, elderly patients and those who received complicated therapies had lower QoL scores than their counterparts.

Dental anomalies encountered during regular orthodontic treatment in Indore, Madhya Pradesh: A Research Article

2023-12-09T12:42:19+0530

Background: In routine treatment procedures, an orthodontist encounters various dental anomalies in the oral cavity of the patients. These anomalies mainly affect the occlusion as well as the length of the arch of the jaw mainly in the anterior region. Therefore, it is important to know these anomalies which helps in proper orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan

Materials and Methods: The present study included a total of 887 patients, out of which 427 patients are male and 460 patients are female. The orthopantomogram radiograph was analyzed. For checking the malocclusion,the one trained examiner was there for assessing the molar relationship (according to the angle’s definition)

Results: In the present study, we have observed dental anomalies like Impaction, Hyperdontia, Dilaceration, Dens Evaginatus, Dens Invaginatus,Taurodontism,Transposition,Gemination and Fusion occurs most commonly in male. While other anomalies like Hypodontia, Microdontia,Macrodontia,Peg-shaped lateral incisor,and Concrescence occur most commonly in females

Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of dental anomalies was 25.9%. The most common dental anomaly seen is Impaction

Effect of Perioperative Steroid, Bupivacaine and Tetracycline on Post Operative Sequelae of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery

2023-12-09T12:42:19+0530

Aim: To study the effectiveness of perioperative steroids, bupivacaine and intra-socket tetracycline on post-operative sequelae after impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Materials and Methods: Twenty patients of age group 20-40 years were randomly selected who underwent extraction of non-carious impacted mandibular third molars. In group I (10 Patients): Dexamethasone 8 mg intravenously 1 hour before surgery was given and then intraoperative nerve block was given with 0.5% bupivacaine plus placement of tetracycline gel in the socket and post operatively NSAID after surgery was prescribed. Group II served as control (10 Patients) wherein intraoperative nerve block was given with 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline and post operatively antibiotics (Cap. Amoxicillin) along with NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) but no steroid and tetracycline were given.

Visual analogue scale (VAS) for Pain, swelling and mouth opening was assessed post- operatively on first, third and seventh day. Any other post-operative complications like alveolar osteitis and wound dehiscence were determined on seventh day. The data obtained were examined using Maan-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test for pain and independent t-test was applied for evaluating mouth opening and swelling via SPSS, version 20.

Results: Twenty patients were analyzed out of which each group included ten patients. The post-operative mean VAS score of group I at first post-surgery day was low as compared to group II, which was statistically highly significant (P= 0.001). Swelling and mouth opening were comparatively same in both groups which was not significant statistically (P> 0.005). There were no post-operative complications occurred in both groups.

Conclusion: The modified protocol for third molar surgery is as equally effective as standard method with an added advantages of: (1) no fear of antibiotic resistance development, (2) no excessive use of antibiotics and NSAIDS, (3) less patient discomfort both in terms of pain, swelling, trismus and in remembering large number of medicine that he/she has to take after surgery. Multicenter studies with more sample size are required to confirm its efficacy.

A Comparative Evaluation of Fluoride ion Release and Alkalizing Potential of Recent Restorative Materials: An In-vitro Study.

2023-12-09T12:42:19+0530

Aim: To evaluate and compare fluoride ion release and alkalizing effect by Bulkfill composite (Cention-N), Giomer (Shofu Beautifil II) and Compomer (Dyract eXtra)

Objectives: To evaluate and Compare fluoride ion release and alkalizing effect of alkasite restorative material, Cention-N, Beautifill II and Dyract eXtra in neutral and acidic pH solution and to conclude which material has the best alkalizing and fluoride ion releasing property.

Materials and Methodology: Straight hand piece ( NSK , Japan ),Micro motor (Unicorn Denmart, India), Diamond disc (0.15mm) and diamond finishing burs (Shofu, Japan), Airotor (NSK, Japan), Cention-N (Ivoclar, Lichtenstein), Beautifil II (Shofu, Japan), Dyract eXtra (Dentsply, Sirona).

Freshly extracted permanent human mandibular molars(samples). Total number of freshly extracted permanent mandibular molars were 45. Each tooth was sectioned from the CEJ level and the root was discarded. Further, each coronal segment was sectioned into four parts mesiodistally and buccolingually. Thus, a total of 180 samples was obtained from 45 teeth. These samples (n=180) were divided in 3 groups with each group containing 60 samples each. Group A (Cention-N)- 60 samples; Group B (Beautifil II)- 60 samples and Group C (Dyract eXtra)- 60 samples. The samples were subdivided into two equal subgroups (n=10) on the basis of pH (acidic pH–4, neutral pH–6.8) of the solution used for testing. The subgroups representing acidic pH were AA, BA, and CA, and subgroups representing neutral pH were AN, BN and CN. Finally, each of the subgroups was further divided into three groups on the basis of duration (7 days, 14 days, and 21 days) for which testing was done.

One-hundred and eighty plastic containers were prepared each containing 5 ml of deionized water/acidic medium. Ten samples from each of the subgroup was stored in each of these plastic containers. After 24 h, the containers was thoroughly shaken; samples were removed; and the storage medium was collected. The samples were then re-immersed in the plastic container-containing fresh 5 mL of deionized water. The same procedure was repeated for 7 days for subgroups –AN7, BN 7, CN 7, AA 7, BA 7, and CA 7, for 14 days for subgroups –AN14, BN 14, CN 14 and AA 14, BA 14, and CA 14, and for 21 days for subgroups –AN 21, BN 21, CN 21 and AA21, BA 21, and CA 21.

The cumulative fluoride ion release and change in pH was assessed at the end of 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days utilizing spectrophotometer and pH meter, respectively. The data thus obtained was statistically analyzed using ANOVA-F, Paired “t”, and Unpaired t-test.

RESULT: Cention N showed the highest fluoride ion release as well as alkalizing potential.

CONCLUSION: All restorative materials released fluoride at all time intervals viz 7, 14 and 21 days. Cention N showed the highest fluoride ion release when compared to Beautifil II and Dyracte Xtra. All restorative materials showed an increase in pH at all time durations viz 7, 14 and 21 days. Cention N showed the highest pH change or alkalizing potential followed by DyracteXtra and Beautifil II.

Advancements in Smart Restorative Dentistry

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Aims and objectives: The field of dentistry has undergone a revolution with the use of biomimetic smart materials. Promising materials like Cention N and ACTIVA BioACTIVE restorative showing increased reliability and effectiveness, offering a bright future for the field.The aim of this case report is to assess the effectiveness of these two restorative materials in permanent molars over a period of 6 months. The evaluation includes various factors such as surface texture, marginal integrity, cavosurface marginal discoloration, anatomic contour, secondary caries, color match, and gross fracture.

Materials and methods: Standardized Class I cavities were prepared and restored with Cention N and ACTIVA according to the manufacturers’ instructions. At intervals of 1 month, 3 month and 6 months modified Ryge's USPHS Criteria were adjusted for clinical examination.

Results: ACTIVA BioACTIVE Restorative outperforms Cention N in terms of clinical performance.

Conclusion: This study assesses the already accessible "smart material" employed in dentistry as we move toward a new era of bio-smart dentistry

Treatment of complicated crown root fracture by means of surgical extrusion – A case report

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

This report is about a case involving surgical extrusion technique as a possible strategy of action for a fractured upper incisor. A 13 year old male patient reported to our department with fractured right maxillary central incisor. As a result of a traumatic injury, the tooth was fractured. Root canal treatment was done before the surgically extruding the tooth. Atraumatic surgical extrusion of the tooth was performed by gently luxating and extruding to the desired position, minimizing damage to the marginal alveolar bone. A semi-rigid splinting was done for 2 weeks and final restoration placed after 6 weeks. On three months follow up, no postoperative issues were noted.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of an oro-cutaneous mid-facial defect patient with an adhesive retained silicone prosthesis: A Case report

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Mid-facial defect causes immense disfigurement of the facial features and poses a great challenge to the practitioner to reinstate the normal form and aesthetics of the patient. An adequate prosthesis can restore the patients’ self-esteem and confidence thus improving their quality of life. Hence, the present case report describes the rehabilitation of an orocutaneous mid-facial defect patient with an adhesive retained Silicone prosthesis in a 55-year-old female patient. The primary prosthesis was fabricated using Room Temperature Vulcanizing (RTV) silicone material after proper shade matching with patient’s skin and using intrinsic colors that was finally retained on patient’s face using water-based tissue adhesive. The final outcome of the procedure was well-accepted by the patient.

2×4 Appliance for Correction of Anterior Crossbite: A Case Series

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Anterior crossbite is quite a common problem in the mixed dentition stage. If left untreated, it can cause a number of dental problems and may complicate future orthodontic treatment. One of the major complications in performing anterior crossbite correction in young children is treatment compliance and patient’s cooperation. In most cases, poor compliance is due to the unacceptability of the removable appliance used. This article describes three cases of successful correction of anterior crossbite of patients in mixed dentition using short-span wire-fixed orthodontic appliances. This 2x4 appliance provides an alternative method of correcting anterior crossbite of dental origin and proposes many advantages compared to the use of removable appliances. It allows rapid positioning and alignment of the teeth and patient’s cooperation is not much required.

Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Report

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) frequently arises from the peripheral tissues like gingiva. It is commonly found in females, mostly in the anterior of the molar region. POF is predicted to arise from the cells of periodontal ligament due to close proximity of gingiva to periodontal ligament. Its exact origin is unclear.

The present article describes the case of recurrent peripheral ossifying fibroma located in the maxillary left incisor region in a 15-year-old male patient. Clinical, radiographic and histologic features as well as differential diagnosis, treatment and follow-up are discussed in this report. Early diagnosis along with surgical excision and curettage of surrounding tissue is important for the prevention of recurrences. Early conservative management of lesion reduces the risk of progression of lesion, and frequent follow-up visits are required to evaluate for recurrences.

Use of Diode Laser for Surgical Management of Recurrent case Pyogenic Granuloma in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Pyogenic granuloma is a frequently seen primary reactive hyperplasia which is seen in the oral cavity as an overgrowth of tissue due to physical trauma or hormonal factors & irritation. It is a non specific gingival overgrowth seen as a response to underlying irritating factors. Soft tissue enlargements of the oral cavity often present a diagnostic challenge because a diverse group of pathologic processes can produce such lesions. Within these lesions is a group of reactive hyperplasias, which develop in response to a chronic, recurring tissue injury that stimulates an exuberant or excessive tissue repair response. This article aims to present a case of recurring pyogenic granuloma in a 12 year old pediatric patient.

Serendipitous Retrieval of Needle Fragment during Marginal Mandibulectomy Defect Rehabilitation

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Needle breakage during dental anesthesia is a rare complication with distressing implications. This case report highlights the incidental retrieval of the needle fragment from marginal mandibulectomy defect, emphasizing the importance of awareness, prevention, and effective management of this rare complication.

Cutaneous fistula can have a dental etiology: A case report

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

A patient presenting with a non-healing lesion over the left submandibular region was referred to department of maxillofacial surgery which was diagnosed as oro-cutaneous fistulous(OCF) tract of dental origin. These are rare and unusual presentations which are seen as a consequence of bacterial invasion causing pulpal necrosis of teeth due to various reasons, taking path of least resistance. They are most often misdiagnosed and mismanaged inspite of documented cases in literature. Medical professionals should be aware of dental etiology in non-healing cutaneous lesions. Early interdisciplinary referral and co-operation between medical and dental specialties will provide better patient care and rapid healing.

Hemifacial Microsomia-A clinical dilemma, case confirmed by radiodiagnosis.

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Abstract-Aplasia of condyle along with soft tissue manifestations seen as a part of a syndrome. We report a similar case along with condylar aplasia on the right side The patient reported to the department with a chief complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth.Clinical examination ,radiographs, and 3D CT images revealed complete absence of condyle on the right side along with soft tissue features which directed us to a final diagnosis of hemifacial microsomia.

Multidisciplinary Approach To Management Of Early Childhood Caries With One Year Follow Up: A Case Report

2023-12-11T05:21:50+0530

Nursing caries, baby bottle syndrome or bottle mouth caries are terms used to describe forms of early childhood caries when the mandibular incisors are not affected with decay. Although, there are many treatment modalities for oral rehabilitation in children, pharmacological behaviour management is deemed necessary and sometimes the only alternative to provide the best treatment outcomes in apprehensive pre-school children in dental setting. Most often, due to the extensive progression of the caries lesions on multiple teeth and multiple surfaces, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to restore the primary dentition back to normal function. The present article highlights a case of a pre-schooler who underwent a complete oral rehabilitation under general anaesthesia for early childhood caries.

Mucormycosis: Complication or Negligence!

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

ABSTRACT

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to rush, several doctors have reported an increase in cases of mucormycosis infection, popularly known as 'black fungus', among patients recovering from COVID-19. As the mucormycosis crisis is increasing in India it is essential for every individual who has recovered from COVID-19 to identify the early alarming sign of this black fungal infection. Mucormycosis is a deep fungal infection that occurs as acute and aggressive forms infecting the air sinuses, brain, and lungs. The infection may cause severe pain behind eye and leads to blindness in the infected individuals. The loss of eyesight is begun when the fungus grows behind the eye due to compression of optic nerve. It can be life-threatening in severely immunocompromised patients. Several reports suggest that the oral and craniofacial region is highly susceptible to mucormycosis infection. Probabilities for mucormycosis recovery depend on early diagnosis and treatment. The exact etiology of this infection is not evident. This fungal outbreak can be multifactorial may be due to steroid therapy, high glucose level in blood, free iron, or it may be hospital acquired. Careful vigilance is the key to catch the early signs of mucormycosis infection and initiate the appropriate management for successful clinical outcomes.

Keywords: mucormycosis, black fungus, comorbidities, diabetes, steroid therapy, hospital-acquired, outbreak.

Prostho Perio Endo Interdisciplinary Clinical Approach - A Review

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Before commencing the prosthetic phase of therapy, it is necessary to involve many specializations in the patient's entire rehabilitation process, either to remove pathologically active tissues or to change anatomically deficient areas. Rehabilitation of orofacial defects in accordance with the surrounding anatomical, physiological, and biological tissues necessitates the involvement of various disciplines ranging from diagnosis to better treatment outcomes, including oral radiology, periodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, and pedodontics, etc ,. Through this paper, we would like to review the clinical interrelationship between prosthodontics and periodontics, endodontics that dictates the interdisciplinary treatment.

Shade Guide In Prosthodontics : A Review

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Shade matching includes striking a fine balance between managing practical goals against individually held expectations. The placement of cosmetic restorations, which are a crucial component of routine practise, depends on consistent and accurate shade selection. These colours should be formally and quantitatively recorded within a mathematical formula so they may be projected on device/computer storage and apps. The technique of shading is complicated by the differences between natural teeth and ceramics, including the layers, degree of transparency, opacity, and how colours reflect. For results those are harmonious and visually pleasing, choosing and making prosthetic replacements requires greater skill.

Prevention of Enamel Demineralisation Around Orthodontic Brackets (An In-vitro Study)

2023-12-09T12:42:20+0530

Background: Despite extensive research in various preventive technologies over the years, white spot lesions (WSL) development in association with orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances remains unwanted clinical problem.

Aims and objectives: The present study is aimed at determining the difference between demineralisation of enamel at normal and reduced pH around orthodontic brackets and to compare the efficacy of various remineralisation agents used in the study thus establishing the most reliable product available commercially for in-home application that would help in secondary prevention of white spot lesions.

Material and methods: The study sample used for this study comprised of 50 healthy, caries-free premolars that were free from any enamel defects. The teeth were extracted and stored in 10 % buffered formalin till the study. All the teeth were bonded and divided into five groups with 10 teeth each and after application of different cariostatic agents according to the pre-decided criteria were subjected to pH cycling using artificial saliva with a pH of 4.5 as the demineralization agent in order to simulate the oral environment in the in-vitro study. The teeth were analysed using Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM).

Results: The use of Anticay and Amflor significantly helped to prevent the demineralization. Stim Ri-namel was found to be an effective re-mineralizing agent but its effectiveness is less as compared to Anticay and Amflor. Artificial saliva at a pH of 4.5 produced subsurface lesions similar to 3 month intra oral pH cycling.

Drug-induced Salivary Gland Disorders: A Review Article

2023-12-09T12:42:21+0530

Every drug can produce unexpected side effects even when used according to the standard dose. Adverse drug reactions can involve any organ and system of the body and are commonly mistaken for signs of underlying disease. The oral cavity can also manifest drug-induced reactions. An optimum salivary function is very crucial in maintaining oral health. The number of drugs and chemicals that can produce adverse reactions in the oral cavity is on the rise. A detailed history of the medication that the patient is taking should be asked as many patients take prescription and non-prescription drugs daily. A clinician should keep themselves updated with the list of offending drugs for proper management of these drug-induced lesions. This will help them in identifying the toxic and unwanted effects of the drugs that can be easily mistaken for symptoms of a common disease.

Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Two Siblings with Missing Teeth: A Dental Perspective

2023-12-09T12:42:21+0530

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare congenital disease that affects several ectodermal structures. The condition is usually transmitted as an x-linked recessive trait, in which gene is carried by the females and manifested in males. Manifestations of the disease differ in severity and involve teeth, skin, hair, nails and sweat and sebaceous gland. Ectodermal dysplasia is usually a difficult condition to manage. Prosthodontically, because of the typical oral deficiencies, and afflicted individuals are quite young to receive extensive prosthodontic treatment, which restores their appearance and helps them, for the development of positive self-image. This case report describes the management of two siblings having features of ectodermal dysplasia with the help of over denture with copings on existing teeth in upper arch, fixed partial denture and tooth supported full denture in lower arch.