Evaluation of salivary cortisol level in type II diabetics and systemically healthy individuals with stage II and III slowly/moderately progressing periodontitis – a cross-sectional observational study
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Emerging evidence suggests a complex interplay between cortisol levels, type II diabetes mellitus, and periodontal disease. This intricate relationship may be influenced by hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.
Aim:
The aim of the current study was to assess salivary cortisol levels (SCL) in individuals with periodontitis and compare them to those in individuals with both periodontitis and type II diabetes with hyperglycaemia.
Materials and Methodology:
A total of 102 individuals were evaluated and categorized into three groups: Group A(n=34) (n-sample size); periodontally and systemically healthy individuals; Group B(n=34); systemically healthy individuals with periodontitis; and Group C(n=34); individuals with both periodontitis and type II diabetes. Periodontal parameters and related indexes were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were procured and analysed for SCL.
Results:
The mean SCL were 4.96 in Group A, 4.98 in Group B, and 5.03 in Group C, indicating a mild but not significant increase. A positive correlation was observed between SCL and the gingival index in Group A, whereas a negative correlation was found between SCL and periodontal probing depth in Group B.
Conclusions:
SCL exhibited a mild increase from healthy individuals to those with periodontitis and further to hyperglycemic type II diabetic individuals with periodontitis, though these differences were not statistically significant. Future research should explore this area further to better understand the impact of periodontitis and type II diabetes on salivary cortisol secretion.
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